Largely informal value chains
A large proportion of the world’s precious metals are mined by small-scale, artisanal players, whose informal networks deny them access to international markets. The result is often indignity in working conditions and major environmental damage. At the same time, consumers are demanding responsible sourcing from manufacturers, with a positive impact on local communities. This paradox is all the more acute given that such metals are at the heart of the new industrial revolution and the decarbonisation of our societies.